From the sound of it it's going to be at least a few months before any more funding arrives - but they're hoping to keep the business running until that time, and pay people back at that point. I have some savings so I might be able to survive for a few months on those if I have to.
What are my options here? If they fail to pay me, is that breach of contract, and am I free to stop working immediately? If I leave, what evidence should I be collecting to document that I haven't been paid so I can claim it back later if necessary? If I choose to stay what should I be asking for in return for taking such a risk?
A company that isn't paying employees is not continuing to run.
If they fail to pay me, is that breach of contract
I am not qualified legal consul and if the fine points of law are really important, I recommend hiring competent legal consul experienced in these matters.
That bullshit aside, if they are not paying you find another job. If the company raises a fuss, I recommend the "fuck you, sue me" (FYSM) approach. It's simple. If the company can't afford to pay employees, it almost certainly does not have money to pursue legal action in regard to your contract even if it thinks it has a case.
Usually, employee salaries are the last expense that a company keeps paying because without employees things go down hill faster and there is less chance of recovery. But if the company isn't paying you, then it almost certainly is not paying other bills. And those creditors have lawyers and any money for legal fees within the failing company will be directed at that problem first.
I have some savings so I might be able to survive for a few months on those
A CEO who expects you to do that (or even asks), doesn't give a shit about you. People of character are uncomfortable exploiting other people. The CEO already has exploited a month of free labor to keep their hope of making money alive. You are already out a paycheck. The CEO knew when the money would run out a month ago. Instead of allowing you to get your affairs in order, the CEO mislead you.
Misled you over money.
Good luck.
1. Get your co-workers contact info. Keep in touch with them. Someday these guys may bring you a job and vice-versa. Keep in touch with all the people you've worked with. Your "network" will help you in the future.
2. Stop working and start searching for another job. This a horrible time for looking unfortunately. "As much as I'd like to keep subsidizing your business, I've got this whole 'eating and living indoors' addiction that I need to maintain ."
It is generally very good, and I would highly recommend you read their website and talk to them first. Someone else has already posted the link and it sounds like you should get the acas thing going asap.
Generally speaking in the UK not paying employees is a really big no-no.
What's even worse is he could have furloughed you all weeks ago and have the government pay you all, and he instead kept going without the cash to pay, so it sounds like he doesn't give a shit about any of you.
Do not trust any promise he makes, anything verbally agreed you should summarise and email him from a personal email address you control, confirming what was said and agreed.
The time interval sounds vague. If you had to pick a future funding outcome in the current climate... it's not very optimistic for funding early stage companies. And what's to say if some less than optimal funding terms come around, your salary won't be cut because the company needs to weather the storm? The longer you stay unpaid, the less leverage you have in the future too because the less you can afford to entertain offers and interviews with longer timelines (let alone send a lot of applications because you'll have to be working). Probably better to frontload the job search and try to get another offer.
If you decide to stay, I would demand equity, warrants, and/or some kind debt contract. If the company goes under, it would give you more power to be a debtor--not that means anything to help get your funds.
I eventually got my pay after constantly contacting the CEO and basically begging for it. I think he took it out of his personal savings or borrowed it from a friend. I wonder if one of the other employees went through the legal route and that scared him into paying everybody.
The company never recovered and obviously not being able to pay me was a huge sign that the company was mismanaged and had bigger issues that would lead to failure.
I'm not going to advise you on legal issues, but I will say that you should use your time to find another job. If you're not getting paid to work, you should be focused on your next steps, not helping the CEO keep their business running for free. Imagine if you work for 2 months, the company closes, and then you have to go through legal channels to get even a small bit of money. It's just a waste of your time and life.
https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/work/rights-at-work/pay/pr...
https://www.theguardian.com/money/work-blog/2012/jun/28/your...
Unfortunately that does require your company to take that step, which it sounds unwilling to do. (It is normally an offence for directors to continue trading a company whilst technically insolvent, but that has been rescinded temporarily due to coronavirus).
If you weren't still employed by them if/when they do declare insolvency, then I suspect you would be treated like any other unsecured creditor with regards to your missing payments.
I don't think this will change in the recent future either. Really sorry for the position you're in, but a job search should be your #1 priority now.
I think this is the primary question you are asking.
You are an experienced software engineer and with more and more companies looking to hire remote workers, your market reach is ever-widening.
In other words, you can find a better, higher paying, more challenging job anytime this week or the next.
So, the question you are really asking is what are the risks you are taking and what would you like in return for taking those risks?
We cant answer that question without knowing, among other things, what risks indeed you are taking - so what are they?